Rituelen met Buddha Bodylotion - Verwen jezelf met Zen Momenten

The 32 Major Marks of a Buddha’s Physical Body

According to Mahayana, Buddhas can manifest simultaneously in innumerable physical forms to help innumerable limited beings throughout all universes. When these emanations are in the form of Sambhogakaya (longs-sku, a Corpus of Bodies of Full Use) or Supreme Nirmanakaya (mchog-gi sprul-sku, a Corpus of Supreme Emanation Bodies), they are complete with 112 physical faculties, namely the 32 excellent signs (mtshan bzang-po gsum-cu rtsa-gnyis, 32 major marks) and 80 exemplary features (dpe-byad brgyad-cu, 80 minor marks). Each of these signs and features has a corresponding cause in terms of constructive actions practiced in previous lives. The excellent signs are the indications of a great person (skyes-bu chen-po, Skt. mahāpuruṣa), while the exemplary features reveal inner qualities and serve to make a positive impression on the mental continuum of others. If we are aware of the causes of each of these features, then these physical faculties will show us very clearly the safe direction (refuge) to take.

Wheel-wielding emperors (’khor-los sgyur-ba’i rgyal-po, chakravartin emperors) are also considered “great persons” and their bodies also display the 32 excellent signs and eighty exemplary features. According to the abhidharma tradition of topics of special knowledge, these emperors appear during a world eon only when the human lifespan is decreasing from a countless number of years to 80,000 years. They wield a gold, silver, copper, or iron wheel of authority, depending on whether they rule over four, three, two, or one island-continent of a world-system.

7 Common Rituals in Buddhism

Most Buddhists show their devotion and commitment to Buddhism by performing various rituals and practices.

Rituals can be performed at any time but Buddhists usually make an extra effort on Buddhist Days of Observance.

As we discussed in Do Buddhists Believe in God?, Buddhists do not worship a god, do not praise a god, and do not make offerings or ask for favors from a god.

This type of creator god worship is not a part of Buddhism.

Then why do Buddhists have rituals and sometimes appear to be worshiping him or a likeness of him?

This type of worship is done to show respect to the religion of Buddhist and to the man who discovered the path to enlightenment.

Rituals and gestures also help Buddhists to reinforce their religious and spiritual goals by reminding us of Buddha’s inspiring qualities and teachings.

For example, bowing or prostrating before a Buddha statute (usually with Buddha’s hands gently resting in his lap and a gentle smile) reminds us to work towards inner peace and love.

Similarly, the aroma of incense reminds us of knowledge and virtue, while offerings such as flowers with a short lifespan remind us that all things are impermanence.

Ritual #2: Making Merit

Merit is closely related to Karma, purity and goodness and is an accumulation of all your good acts and good thoughts.

Merit also helps to determine the quality of this life, the quality of your next life, and directly contributes towards a person’s enlightenment.

There are many different ways of making merit but all of them serve one purpose: to show compassion and charity for others. The three most common ways to gain merit are:

• Giving. Being generous and giving is difficult but doing so will improve your merit. Giving helps to overcome selfishness and prepare the mind for future enlightenment. Giving can be accomplish in many ways (See What is True Charity and How Can We Give It?). You can give to the poor or help build public services such as hospitals, schools or bridges. You can also offer food or clothing to monks or even help with the building of a new temple.

• Ethics. You can also increase your merit by focusing on your ethical and moral discipline.

• Mental Development. Lastly, you can gain merit by increasing your mental development. This is accomplished by listening and studying the teachings of Buddha and instructing others in the teachings.

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