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90% der Fehlbildungen betreffen das Capillitium (etwa 45% den Bereich der Parietalregion), seltener in absteigender Häufigkeit sind Gesicht, Retroaurikulärregion, Nacken, Rumpf oder Genitalien betroffen. Eine absolute (zu vernachlässigende) Rarität ist das Auftreten im Schleimhautbereich.
Altersabhängiges klinisches Bild:
4. Spätes Erwachsenenalter:
In early infancy, lesions in the scalp must be distinguished from cutis aplasia, which has a smoother papyraceous surface.
Nevus syringocystadenomatosus papilliferus may be difficult to distinguish at clinical examination, although the surface tends to be pink and nodular rather than yellow and velvety.
Early juvenile xanthogranulomas may be similar in their clinical appearance, although these generally develop rapidly into distinctive domed, papular, or nodular lesions.
Solitary mastocytomas may also be confused at clinical examination during infancy. Histologic examination clearly identifies all the disorders previously mentioned.
Congenital triangular alopecia should also be differentiated during infancy and childhood.
The epidermis shows papillomatous hyperplasia. In the dermis, the numbers of mature sebaceous glands are increased. Ectopic apocrine glands are often found in the deep dermis beneath sebaceous glands.
Frequently, small hair follicles and buds of basaloid cells that may represent malformed hair germs are present.
In childhood, the sebaceous glands in nevus sebaceus are underdeveloped, and the histologic findings may consist of only immature hair structures.
Note the images below:
--> Mild papillomatosis of the epidermis with sebaceus gland lobules opening directly onto the epidermis.
--> Mild papillomatosis at high power.
Patients with this condition require close serial clinical observation. Any suspicious lesional changes (development of nodules or ulcerations) require biopsy. Controversy regarding the need for prophylactic excision is reviewed in the optimal therapeutic approach for this disease section. The patient and family members should be aware of the risks associated with excisional surgery including scar, bleeding, infection, recurrence and anesthesia-related complications.
The nevus sebaceous syndrome (Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, Jadassohn nevus phakomatosis) is a rare disorder incorporating sebaceous nevi, often extensive or linear, and other multisystem disorders. Extracutaneous manifestations can affect the central nervous, skeletal, ophthalmic, cardiac, and genitourinary systems. Vitamin-D resistant rickett has also been reported. When this syndrome is suspected, MRI and EEG studies should be obtained to evaluate for intracranial involvement. Appropriate consultation with neurology, ophthalmology, and orthopedics is recommended.