Wat is Alopecia Areata - Oorzaken, Symptomen en Behandelingsmogelijkheden

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The outlook for alopecia areata is unpredictable and different for each person.

Once you develop this autoimmune condition, you may experience lifelong bouts of hair loss and other related symptoms. However, some people experience hair loss only once in their lifetime.

The same variation applies to recovery. Some people experience full regrowth of hair, while others may not. Some may even experience additional hair loss.

Several factors may affect your outlook, such as:

• early age of onset
• extensive hair loss
• the presence of multiple autoimmune conditions

Penyebab alopecia

Ada berbagai berbagai penyebab alopecia. Jenis yang paling umum adalah alopecia aerata disebabkan oleh kondisi autoimun, tapi kerontokan rambut juga bisa dipicu oleh faktor lainnya.

1. Kondisi autoimun

Sel-sel sistem kekebalan tubuh salah mengenai folikel sebagai sel berbahaya. Sel imunitas ini pun menyerang dan merusak folikel.

Karena folikel merupakan tempat tumbuhnya rambut, kerusakannya menghambat tumbuhnya rambut dan menyebabkan kerontokan.

Lama-kelamaan, rambut bisa tidak tumbuh sama sekali sehingga mengalami kebotakan.

2. Riwayat keluarga

Ketika salah satu anggota keluarga mengalami kebotakan, Anda juga berisiko mengembangkan masalah yang sama.

Faktor genetik yang diturunkan ini juga dapat mengindikasikan kapan usia akan mengalami kebotakan.

3. Hormon

Kebotakan dipengaruhi oleh perubahan hormon kebotakan DHT (dihydrotestosterone).

Meningkatnya hormon DHT menyebabkan folikel rambut mengecil, sehingga rambut tidak tumbuh.

Kondisi ini disebabkan pertambahan usia pada pria, perubahan hormon saat menopause, dan sindrom ovarium polikistik (PCOS).

4. Stres

5. Kebiasaan mencabut rambut

Kebiasaan mencabut rambut atau trikotilomania ini biasanya terjadi ketika seseorang mengalami stres.

Anda mungkin akan mencabut rambut tanpa sadar yang membuat rambut cepat rusak hingga mengalami kebotakan.

6. Obat-obatan tertentu

Penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu, seperti obat kanker, depresi, hingga hipertensi dapat memicu kebotakan.

S elain itu, pil kontrasepsi dan suplemen vitamin A yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan masalah yang sama.

Everything You Need to Know About Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is a condition that causes your hair to fall out in patches. These patches may connect and become more noticeable. Treatment options include creams, injections, and oral medications.

Alopecia areata is a common hair loss condition that develops when your immune system attacks your hair follicles.

It affects nearly 7 million people in the United States, according to the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF).

Alopecia areata may begin in childhood or adulthood and can affect people of any ethnicity, sex, or age. It manifests differently for each person.

Keep reading to learn more about the types, causes, symptoms, and treatments for alopecia areata.

The main symptom of alopecia areata is hair loss that happens in patches of several centimeters or less.

Alopecia areata most often affects your scalp. However, hair loss may also occur in other areas of your body, such as your:

You may lose hair in just a few places, while other people may lose it in more areas. Hair loss is quick for some and gradual for others.

Other symptoms of alopecia areata include :

• an itching or burning feeling in the affected area
• gray or white hairs in the affected area
• nail pitting or lesions

The types of alopecia areata vary according to the extent of hair loss and other symptoms. They may also have different treatments and outlooks:

Alopecia areata occurs equally in males and females.

Alopecia areata isn’t the same as male pattern hair loss, which involves a receding hairline and a gradual thinning of hair all over. It’s also different from female pattern hair loss, which is a gradual thinning of hair that covers a large area.

When children develop this condition, it’s known as early onset alopecia areata .

In addition to hair loss, children may experience nail changes such as pitting or lesions. Adults may experience nail symptoms, too, but they are likely more common in children.

Wigs, shaving, and other options for hiding hair loss

There are plenty of options for covering up hair loss, and patients ask about these options because:

• Treatment takes time.
• Some people want to avoid the possible side effects of treatment.
• Treatment isn’t working or their hair continues to fall out after treatment.

Options for hiding hair loss include the following:

Styling products like gels, mousses, powders, and sprays: These help to keep hair in place, which can hide hair loss. These products can also add volume.

Wig, hairpiece, or scalp prosthesis: These can hide hair loss on the scalp. Some look like your natural hair.

What exactly is a scalp prosthesis?

It’s a wig that’s custom-made to help ensure a perfect fit. Other names for a scalp prosthesis are:

All wigs are usually held on with a wig cap, such as the one this woman is wearing.

Shaving: Instead of covering up, some people prefer to shave so they can get rid of that patchy or diffuse look. Shaving can hide areas of hair loss on your scalp, beard area, or anywhere on your body.

Artificial eyelashes: Available as individual lashes, clusters, and strips, you apply these with a special glue.

To fill in areas, you can glue individual lashes to your existing lashes. If you need more coverage, clusters work well and can blend in with the rest of your lashes. Strips can hide complete loss of eyelashes.

To prevent irritation and loss of more eyelashes, dermatologists recommend that you remove artificial eyelashes before going to bed.

Eyebrow powder: This is a makeup that can help fill in thin brows, making them look naturally full. Like most makeup, you need to remove the powder before bed and reapply it the next day.

Hoe wordt het behandeld?

Als er sprake is van een of enkele kale plekken zal de huisarts of de dermatoloog vaak eerst het beloop willen afwachten aangezien het haar meestal vanzelf teruggroeit. Als de plekken zich uitbreiden is het mogelijk ze te behandelen met:
* corticosteroid crème of zalf
* corticosteroid injecties in de aangedane huid

Eventueel kunnen corticosteroïden ook oppervlakkig in de huid gespoten worden.
Bij zeer grote huidoppervlakken en zeer langdurige kaalheid kan gekozen worden voor :
* PUVA-lichttherapie
* diphenciprone prikkeltherapie

Deze laatste behandelingen kunnen poliklinisch worden uitgevoerd door een dermatoloog. Diphenciprone-therapie wordt overigens maar in een zeer beperkt aantal centra in Nederland toegepast.

Bij zeer uitgebreide, hardnekkige alopecia areata kan eventueel een systemisch geneesmiddel worden voorgeschreven dat het immuunsysteem onderdrukt. Voorbeelden zijn ciclosporine of prednison. Dit zijn wel geneesmiddelen die soms ernstige bijwerkingen veroorzaken.